Exposure

Histogram

A histogram is a graph of tonal distribution in an image, showing how many pixels fall at each brightness level from black to white.

The horizontal axis runs from pure black on the left to pure white on the right; the vertical axis shows how many pixels sit at each value. A dark scene stacks data to the left, a bright one to the right. There is no correct shape — a histogram describes the scene, it does not judge it.

What it does reveal unambiguously is clipping. Data piled against the right wall means blown highlights with no recoverable detail; against the left wall means crushed blacks. This is why it beats the rear screen for judging exposure: a screen's brightness and ambient light both lie, while the histogram reports the actual data.

The RGB histogram is more useful than the combined luminance version, because a single channel can clip while the overall brightness still looks safe — common with saturated reds and with skin under warm light. For video, waveform monitors and false color displays serve the same purpose with more precision.

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